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The Erdős–Straus Conjecture

open

Posed by Paul Erdős / Ernst G. Straus · 1948 · number theory · ~1 min read · difficulty 3/5

egyptian-fractions

The problem

Claim: for every integer \(n \geq 2\), there exist positive integers \(x, y, z\) with \(4/n = 1/x + 1/y + 1/z\): the Egyptian fraction \(4/n\) always splits into three unit fractions. Elementary identities settle even \(n\\); Mordell reduced the odd case to a handful of residue classes, which remain open.

History & significance

Generalises the ancient Egyptian preference for unit fractions; the analogous 2/n statement was settled by Takenouchi and the 3/n case by Mordell (positive). Verified astronomically far (Elsholtz et al., past \(10^1\)7); equivalent reductions show it suffices to check primes in certain residue classes. The obstruction feels like the Collatz of Diophantine analysis: local flexibility everywhere, global proof nowhere.

Still open.

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